Here is an article that explains why you might encounter the AttributeError: Object 'NoneType' has no attribute '_id' error in your backtrader script:

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As a developer, this can be frustrating when dealing with errors and bugs. In this article, we will explore the possible causes of theAttributeError: Object ‘NoneType’ has no attribute ‘_id’error.

What isAttributeError: Object ‘NoneType’ has no attribute ‘_id’?

This error occurs when you try to access an attribute or method on a variable that is set toNone’.’ In this case, the _id attribute of the None value is causing the problem.

Possible Causes:

There are several reasons why this error might occur in your backtrader script. Here are some possible causes and solutions:

1.
Incorrect variable initialization

Make sure you initialize your variables correctly before attempting to access them.

import backtrader as bt





Initialize the cerebro object
cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

2.
Missing import statements

Make sure all required import statements are included in your code.

Import “Constant” (optional)

If you are using the latest version of backtrader, you may need to import “Constant” from the _backtrader_ module instead:

from _backtrader_.Constant import Constant

3.
Incorrect data initialization

Check that your data initialization is correct. In the backtrader, the _data attribute of the Cerebro object should contain a list or pandas DataFrame representing the historical prices.

Example of Proper Initialization

Here is an example of how to initialize the _data historical prices:

class Strategy(bt. Strategy):
def __init__(self):
self.data = bt.feeds.PandasData(dataname='yahoo', fromdate='1995-01-01', todate='2022-02-26')

4.
Missing Cerebro object initialization

Make sure the _cerebro object is initialized before attempting to access its methods.

Example of Correct Initialization

Here is an example of initializing the “_cerebro” object:

class Strategy (bt. Strategy):
def __init__(self):
super(strategy, self).__init__()
cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

5.
Error while processing data

Check if there is an error while processing the data. You can add a “try-except” block to catch and handle any exceptions that may occur:

class Strategy (bt. Strategy):
def __init__(self):
super(strategy, self).__init__()
try:
cerebro.add-data(self.data)
cerebro.run()
except for exception e:
print(f"Error parsing data: {e}")

Conclusion

AttributeError: Object 'NoneType' has no attribute '_id'. This error can occur for various reasons, such as incorrect variable initialization, missing import statements, or data processing errors. By following the steps outlined above and checking for any issues, you can resolve this error and improve your backtrader script.

Example Code

Here is an example code snippet that shows how to fix the “AttributeError” by initializing the corrected variable:

“ python

import backtrader as bt

class Strategy(bt. Strategy):

def __init__(self):

cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

self.data = bt.feeds.PandasData(dataname=’yahoo’, fromdate=’1995-01-01′, todate=’2022-02-26′)

cerebro.add-data(self.data)

cerebro.run()

Create and start a new backtrader session

cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

strategy = Strategy()

cerebro.adddata(strategy)

cerebro.

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